剑桥雅思长难句分析（一）

兔斯基

　　1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in her samples and on her body”为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做a message的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。

　　2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how bees communicate”为how引导的宾语从句，做介词about的宾语。

　　3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”为独立主格结构，其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”均为过去分词短语作定语，做a little book的定语。

　　4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“It is highly appropriate that… ”, 其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，即“that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class”;在主语从句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”为Dr Samuel Johnson的同位语，“as famous in his own time as in ours”为Dr Samuel Johnson的定语。

　　5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries”为定语从句，做the problems的定语，关系词为that。

　　6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句为并列句，“He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments”和“from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”并列，由and连接;“in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”为定语从句，做17 Gough Square的定语，关系词为which。

　　7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句为“James Boswell described the garret as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk.”;“his biographer”为James Boswell的同位语;“where Johnson worked”为定语从句，做the garret的定语，关系词为where; “running down the middle”为现在分词短语做定语，做a long desk的定语;“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”为定语从句，做long desk的定语，关系词为which。

　　8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句为“He was also helped by six assistants”;“two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”为定语从句，做six assistants的定语，关系词为whom;在定语从句中，“whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”为whilst引导的时间状语从句。

　　9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”为that引导的同位语从句，做The fact的同位语;括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。

　　10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句主句为“Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' in a situation”;“A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology”为状语;“in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”为定语从句，做a situation的定语，关系词为which, 其中“they were called upon to perform”也为定语从句，做the actions的定语，关系词在该定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉。

　　11. Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that…”;“that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.”为宾语从句，做动词told的宾语;“whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn”为whether引导的宾语从句，做test的宾语。