动名词的用法
1.只能跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有:suggest,finish,avoid、mind,enjoy,quit,postpone,delay,practise,fancy,imagine,consider,deny,escape,miss,risk,confess(to),admit(to),appreciate,involve,favour,save,resent,survive等。见下例:(1)He avoided giving us a definite answer.
(2)I enjoy working with you.
(3)Would you mind filling out this form?
(4)I appreciate ______ to your home.
a.to be invited
b.to have invited
c.having invited
d.being invited
(答案 d.CET4'91/6.)(注:want,need,require,deserve,demand等属另一类动词,如果以事物作主语时表示"需要",后面要求跟动名词,这种动名词在形式上是主动态,实际上表达的是被动态的意思。)
见下例:
(5)The floor requires washing.
(6) Your hair wants cutting.
(7)The garden needs watering.
(注:need后面既可以跟动名词,也可以跟不定式被动态,表达的意思相同,如 The garden needs to be watered.)另外,advise,recommend,allow,permit,forbid等动词后面既可以直接跟动名词作宾语(如 advise starting early tomorrow),也可以跟带不定式的复合结构(如 advise sb to do sth)。见下例:
(8)The teacher doesn't permit ______ in class.
a.smoke b.to smoke c.smoking d.to have a smoke
(答案 c.CET4'91/6.)(注:如果 permit后面需跟以人作宾语的词,就需将该句改为:The teacher doesn't permit anybody to smoke in class。)
(9)I recommend (your) buying/you to buy this dictionary.(可以使用由物主代词限定的动名词作宾语) 2.要求跟动名词作宾语的短语动词和成语很多,常见的有:
amount to"意味着,等于是说";
feel like"很想";
go on"继续";
aim at"旨在";
keep on"继续";
set about"开始,着手";
insist on"坚持要";
succeed in"成功地做……";
persist in"坚持(做)";
dream of"梦想";
object to"反对";
approve of"赞成";
refrain from"克制不做";
look forward to"期待着";
depend on"依赖于";
give up"放弃";
see to"处理,负责(做)";
fall to"开始(做)";
leave off"停下";
take to"变得喜欢";
put off"推迟";
participate in"参加";
come close to"几乎,差点";
join ill"参加";
suspect sb of"怀疑某人……";
excuse sb from"原谅某人……";
accuse sb of"指控某人……";
excuse sb from"允许某人不做…";
change sb with"控告某人……";
spend time…"花时间做……";
when it comes to…"至于,谈到";
waste time…"做……是浪费时间";
set one's heart/mind on…"决意要……"。
见下例:
(1)He insisted on doing it in his own way.
(2)I've been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.
(3)The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court.a.objected to having b.were objected to have c.objected to have d.were objected to having(答案 a.CET4'91/6.object为不及物动词,后面要求跟介词to十名词或动名词,不能跟不定式,也没有被动态。)
(4)My father has taken to playing the golf at the weekends.
3.后面要求限动名词的形容词/过去分词十介词结构,常见的有:
fond of"喜爱";
good at"擅长于";
sick of"厌烦";
proud of"为……感到骄傲";
keen on"热望于";
responsible for"对……负责";
capable of"能够";
afraid of"害怕";
thirsty for"渴望";
tired of"对……厌烦";
interested in"对……感兴趣";
ashamed of"自惭于";
engaged in"忙于";
opposed to反对;
accustomed to"习惯于";
given to"喜欢,常爱";
reduced to"到了……境地";
bent on"一心要";
get used to"习惯于"。
见下例:
(1)They are all opposed to putting the meeting off.
(2)I am proud of being a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
(3)Is there any place you're particularly keen on visiting?
(4)Who is responsible for organizing the excursion?