【新托福真题】2013年5月11日托福考试真题分享

兔斯基

2013年5月11日托福考试真题分享——听力部分

　　SECTION 1

　　CONVERSATION 1

　　教授做调查采访录了很多tape 他自己分析不过来 找女的做他助手 女的说自己在图书馆兼职又有很多课程怕没空 教授一直说服她 说她会赚得比现在多 女的说library 那个工作稳定。 教授又说不用马上全部分析，而且有同学帮助，女生说想兼职和教授的工作一起做， 的最后说先试着分析一个样本试试。

　　文章解析

　　本篇对话难度不大，涉及的是老话题图书馆兼职工作以及课业和业余工作时间的冲突，可以参考T14C1和T17C2。

　　LECTURE 1

　　生物学，讲一种小鱼对于极端环境的适应, 讲的是为什么小鱼在南极那么冷的情况下，血液已经不能完成供氧任务了，他却能生存，因为他基因里有两个特殊片段，能合成只含三个氨基酸的简单蛋白质(隐约记得在`简单`这里出题了)，这种蛋白质能通过皮肤吸收冷水中大量的溶解氧。 鱼适应环境的方法，一个是，没有red blood vessel，那怎么处理H物质吧。因为冷水里营养多，它的skin可以利用水中的营养，虽然很少，但是它的确有这种能力。还说看它的DNA，生产red blood的基因都没了。有题，选了genes inactive那个。

　　文章解析：

　　这篇讲座介绍南极的银鱼ice fish对极端环境的适应以及它体内各种蛋白质和基因的功能，文章结构属于现象解释型。内容可参考T19L3和T12L1，生物学单词基础差的同学可能会被单词牵累，比如capillary['kæpəlɛri]毛细血管，gill鱼鳃，anti protein抗体蛋白，blood vessel血管，dissolved oxygen溶解氧，amino acid氨基酸。

　　LECTURE 2

　　art history 讲的是ceramic是一种更普遍形式的艺术，它的发展制作。讲了哪种陶瓷比较先进，煮食物比较容易熟。还提到了加拿大的土著居民。

　　文章解析：

　　艺术史类文章，主要介绍陶瓷制品的功能和分类，其中分类涉及的生词比较多，是理解的一个障碍，不同陶瓷的功能(比如煮食物)和加拿大土著居民部分的内容可以参考T7L3的内容风格，ceramic的不同分类和功能可参考http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic。

　　SECTION 2

　　CONVERSATION 2

　　学生找dean聊开文学俱乐部的事，老师说开俱乐部你需要签名，指导人，和……然后学生提到一个教授，那个教授不愿意当社团指导教师。Dean说这是有原因的，有一次这教授为某个社团做指导教师，还精心准备一番，甚至推掉过会议，但是最后到现场就来了两个同学，从此教授就再也不当了。

　　文章解析;

　　本篇对话难度适中，需要关注的是老师讲的三个条件属于罗列例子，考查了多选形式的细节题，答案要包含签名signature(搜集签名达到一定数量即可请愿是美国政治生活中的常识，可参考最近白宫的请愿网站)，指导人advisor。注册后的两个好处同样是细节题的考察点，需要全部记下来，其中一个是meeting facility免费使用。

　　LECTURE 3

　　US government，讲的是solar energy policy的发展。　美国政府关于能源的act.说某个时候，人们要排队买gas，大家担心没有能源咋办。有双选，不确定。然后一个政府agency做调查，研究p energy能不能解决这个问题。研究说p太贵了，但是参照以前的经验，价钱能降低，但是到现在也没有降低。中间还说政府花了500m在这个上面，其实不多solar e有这10倍。

　　文章解析：

　　美国政府类讲座，表面上看主题略生僻，但是行文风格类似历史类文章，文章的太阳能内容可以参考T12L6，历史背景可以参考1973年第一次中东石油危机的百度百科内容。需要注意的词汇有 integrated circuit集成电路。

　　LECTURE 4

　　地理学，讲地理分两种，一种是physical研究具体实物，了解地质演变过程。另一种是historical，根据对历史的记录来理解地质，有考题问为什么先学historical后学physical的。老师说古人不知道地球有四十六亿年历史，还以为是最近创造出来的，老师举了亚里士多德例子，说他认为地震还是火山就是地球被放在火山烤，海里的鱼这么激动就是这个原因。一个女生说这太荒诞了，老师说当时科技不发达所以这很正常，这理论一直延续到17世纪有一个科学家出现提出了uniform…，证实了地球有46亿年历史，而且说随着时间和地貌的变化最终会出现很大的作用，学生问为啥没听过这个人，老师说因为这人的字太难看了，写的书没人看。知道后来100多年出现另一科学家吸收并发展了这个科学家的理论，逐渐被大众所接受。

　　文章解析：

　　地理主题讲座，全文以对比比较方式展开，比较了两种地理学，因此会有比较考点。文章中后部出现不同的学者，一定要注意对态度题的考查

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兔斯基

2013年5月11日托福考试真题分享——口语部分

　　Task 1: Talk about an interesting school activity that you participated in recently. Give details and examples in your response.

　　参考答案

　　An interesting school activity I recently participated in was volunteer teaching. We went to a small, under-developed village that’s far from the city. Students from my school split into groups to teach the kids different classes. I was assigned to teach them English. I taught them some basic greeting skills which they thought was fun. During class breaks, all of us gathered outside to play sports of our choice. Some kicked around a soccer ball, some played the badminton and some played pingpong. Everyone had a blast. Before we left, we made some donations to the school. People donated money, books and school supplies. I would love to go back and visit the kids soon.

　　Task 2: Some people prefer to buy innovative high-tech products like cellphones and computers when they first came out, others would buy them after the price has been decreased. Which do you prefer? Explain why.

　　参考答案

　　I prefer to buy my high-tech products long after they’re first introduced for the following reasons. First, products like cellphone and computers are usually very expensive when they are first introduced to the market. When iPhone first came out, the prices were really high. But it was only about three months later, Apple cut the price by around $200. Not buying these product too soon can save us lots of money. Second, the first batch of product can be flowed. It’s wise to wait for reviews to come out so we can find out if they work as advertised. If there are problems, company will iron out these glitches and make it better.

　　Task 3

　　学校要给四年级学生在图书馆的书架旁边提供柜子(locker)因为提供方便。女的不同意，别的年级学生也要柜子，而且柜子在书架旁边学生方便偷，学校不好管理。

　　解题要点

　　Reading

　　Announcement: The university is going to provide seniors with a locker near the bookshelf in the library.

　　Reason 1: Because it will be convenient for seniors to have a locker.

　　Reason 2: /

　　Listening

　　Woman disagrees with the plan

　　Reason 1: Students in other years also need the locker.

　　Reason 2: It will be hard for the university to secure the library because it will become easier for students to stole things when lockers are nearby the bookshelf.

　Task 4

　　广告里的modeling，用来给顾客示范产品的亮点和怎么用。教授用例子他儿子想买冰激凌机，他一开始觉得不好，看了电视上一个广告一女的一步步做出好的冰激凌之后他就买了，发现很好使。

　　解题要点

　　Term：modeling in advertisement

　　Definition：The modeling in advertisement is used for demonstrating customers the highlights of a product and how to use it.

　　Lecture：The professor gives an example of his son. Once his son wanted to buy an ice cream machine, but he didn’t think it a good idea. After watching a woman showing the steps to make an ice cream by using this machine, he bought one and found it very useful.

　　Task 5

　　女的把今晚要展览的照片忘在家里了，方法一是自己开回家取，但是这样就不能上reviewing class了。第二是她妈明天帮她送来，这样她朋友们晚上就看不见她的作品了

　　解题要点

　　Problem: The woman lost the photos that need to be exhibited this evening at home.

　　Solution 1: She can drive home to pick them up by herself.

　　Pro：/

　　Con：But doing so, she cannot be available for the reviewing class.

　　Solution 2: She could ask her mom to fetch them for her tomorrow.

　　Pro：/

　　Con：But in this way, her friends won’t see her works this evening.

　　Task 6

　　鸟保护巢的两种方法。一种用自然的障碍，一种鸟把巢架在浓密的枝杈上来防止捕食者接近。(没听全信息)第二种是自己造障碍，一种鸟用粘土把开口搞的很小，这样自己可以喂孩子，但是捕食者不容易发现。

　　背景知识

　　Main Idea: two ways of birds to protect their nests

　　Example 1: natural obstacles

　　The bird put its nest on the dense branches to prevent predators getting closer.

　　Example 2: self-made obstacles

　　The bird makes the nest mouth small so that predators cannot find its children easily, but the mouth is big enough that it can feed its children.

兔斯基

2013年5月11日托福考试真题分享——阅读部分

　　第一篇：狮子

　　第一部分说上古时代，除少数例外，狮子广泛分布在各个大陆。

　　解析：

　　Lions are most active at night and live in a variety of habitats but prefer grassland, savanna, dense scrub, and open woodland. Historically, they ranged across much of Europe, Asia, and Africa, but now they are found mainly in parts of Africa south of the Sahara.

　　第二部分讲了狮子不同于其他动植物的一些特点——处于食物链顶层，所以能量储存有限(此处存疑)。

　　解析：

　　Lions prey on a large variety of animals ranging in size from rodents and baboons to water buffalo and hippopotamuses, but they predominantly hunt medium- to large-sized hoofed animals such as wildebeests, zebras, and antelopes. Prey preferences vary geographically as well as between neighbouring prides.

　　Though a group of hunting lions is potentially nature's most formidable predatory force on land, a high proportion of their hunts fail. The cats pay no attention to the wind's direction (which can carry their scent to their prey), and they tire after running short distances.

　　第三部分：随时间推移，狮子的数量减少，分布区域缩小，在欧洲完全消失——原因一是气候变化导致草原变为森林，二是人类的影响。

　　解析：

　　during the Pleistocene Epoch (2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago), lions ranged across all of North America and Africa, through most of the Balkans, and across Anatolia and the Middle East into India. They disappeared from North America about 10,000 years ago, from the Balkans about 2,000 years ago, and from Palestine during the Crusades. By the 21st century their numbers had dwindled to a few tens of thousands, and those outside national parks are rapidly losing their habitat to agriculture. Conflict with humans, especially herders, outside parks is a major problem, and humans living around parks remain the predominant source of mortality for most populations.

　　第四部分从环境变化角度讲解了亚洲，尤其是印度地区狮子减少的原因。个例：仅有的少量狮子在禁猎的私人林地中生产。

　　解析：About 200 Asiatic lions constitute a slightly smaller race that lives under strict protection in India's Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary.

　　Gir National Park

　　national park in Gujarat state, west-central India, located about 37 miles (60 km) south-southwest of Junagadh in a hilly region of dry scrubland. It has an area of about 500 square miles (1,295 square km). Vegetation consists of teak with an admixture of deciduous trees, including sal (Shorea robusta), dhak (Butea frondosa), and thorn forests.

　　The Gir Forests Reserve, created in 1913 to protect the largest of the surviving groups of Asiatic lions, was accorded sanctuary status in 1965. Several hundred Asiatic lions have been bred in the sanctuary since it was established. “Lion shows” consisting of guided tours in protected vehicles are held regularly for visitors. Other fauna include leopards, wild pigs, spotted deer, nilgai (a type of antelope), four-horned antelope, and chinkaras (a type of gazelle). A large central water hole contains a few crocodiles. The park also has a small temple dedicated to Krishna near the Tulsi-Shyam Springs.

兔斯基

2013年5月11日托福考试真题分享——写作部分

　　综合写作

　　阅读：

　　文章是讲的关于Harappan civilization decline的原因的三个假说。

　　第一个是受到游牧民族nomadic tribe入侵。

　　第二个是气候变化导致农业垮了，没有食物。

　　第三个是水源被污染造成一种通过水传播的流行病，所以就搬迁。

　　听力

　　第一个是当时H文明的地盘很大large scale游牧民族虽然打了他几个地区但是还不至于导致他decline。

　　第二个是同时期的埃及文明和另一种文明同样遭受了气候变化但是都调整了农业有了surplus的food。所以H也不可能因为气候变化而decline。

　　第三个是H人都是出色的工程师，他们创造了先进的水系统可以防止疾病通过水传播。

　　独立写作：

　　People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them.

　　We make regular purchases every day, and most of the time, I believe people buy products because they need them. On the other hand, it is also true that sometimes our purchases are of human desires or so-called "wants", but this does not necessarily mean that we want these goods only because other people have them. It’s very possible for humans to like something purely because it is good to have them. Therefore, in my opinion, whether people buy products because they really need them or other people have them should be discussed case-by-case.

　　For goods like groceries, we buy them because they are essential for our everyday living. Using my mother as an example, each Friday after work, she would go to the grocery store to do grocery shopping for the family. Although she gets very tired after a week of work, she still does the shopping. She knows the importance of food for a family. Whether for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, she always prepares us a healthy and delicious meal. Giving us food is a way for her to show her love and care. She is not the only mom who does this. Most moms would go to grocery store to pick up food for the family. It is not because other moms buy food for their family so they need to do it as well, but rather, as humans we depend on food for survival. For college students, same principle applies. It is easy for students to get overwhelmed by school work and social life, but when it comes to grocery shopping, students still make time to do their shopping list. Buying healthy and nutritious food is necessary for students’ life. In this case, we buy products because we need them not because others have it.

　　For some luxurious goods, however, such as an expensive bag or a pair of shoes, people might purchase them because others have them as well. This phenomenon is especially common among high school female students. As girls begin to care more and more about their looks, their perspective on beauty starts to change collectively. For example, a girl who wears a pair of UGG shoes may eventually starts a trend. If her classmates think having a pair of UGG is cool and pretty, then they will want a pair too. So it is common to see within a school that girls dress very similarly with one another. This is an example when purchases are not needs, but simply because others have it and so one wants to have it too. According to a survey conducted by Trend website, a significant percentage of luxurious goods buyers consider luxurious brand as a label for their social status or wealth and they tend to choose the brand that their colleagues or friends recognize or value.

　　In sum, I think most of the time people make purchases because we need them, but there are rare situations where making a purchase is because others have it.