一、积累要素
攻读口译的过程实际上是一个积累的过程。先有积累,后有提高;没有日积月累,就没有扎实的功底和切实的提高。课堂听课、课后复习。大量精美语句、闪光说法、地道表达的积累其实都是为最后的输出打基础。由于学生在学习过程中的被动性和置身于大量语言信息中的困惑性、盲目性,因此,任课教师将起到为学生进行目标量化、知识积累和引导学习的作用。
学生的主动性永远是最核心的。比如每天从课本上总结10个特别地道的汉译英或英译汉句子,然后背得滚瓜烂熟,这样做既可以保证课堂知识的巩固和吸收,又可以极大地激发自己对英语学习的兴趣。见以下汉译英的例句: 1.我们“五一”放长假让“非典”给“搅黄”了。英文是Our May Day holidays were spoiled//ruined bySARS.
2.他来了,憋足了劲要决一雌雄。英文是He came,spoiling for a showdown(摊牌)./Hecame,determined to see who was stronger.
3.你会发现他这个人很讲信用。英文是You will find that he’s as good as his word. /You’ll,findthat he is a trustworthy man./You'll,find that he is a man of honor.
4.我的直觉告诉我,我们的新老板做的比所承诺的还要宽厚、大方。英文是My intuition tells me thatour new boss is better than his word./My first impression On our new boss tells me that heis kinder and more generous than what what he has promised others.
5.是要龙虾呢还是要螃蟹,我拿不定主意。英文是l can’t make up my mind. I can’t decidebetween the lobster and the crab./I’m not sure whether 1 should, order//take the lobsterOr the crab.
6.他的脸上明显流露着内疚的神情。英文是Guilt was written all over his face./Obviously wecould see//tell from his facial expression that he felt guilty.
7.他的英语并没什么了不起的。英文是His English is nothing much to write home about.vs.HisEnglish is, in fact,so so./he speaks so--so English.
8.我刚来了一个星期的时间.所以一切还在摸索着干呢。英文是I’ve only been here for one week,so I’m still finding my feet./...so I’m still learning.
9.我30岁出头时才找到了//发现了自我。英文是I began to find myself in my early thirties.
10.告诉我你对她怎么着了?你哑巴了吗?英文是Tell me what you have done to her! Have you lostyour tongue?/...Are you dumb?
我们的课本上以及许多老师自己补充的资料上面都有大量精美的、地道的语句,这就是上课过程中的亮点之所在。总体处理的原则是:英译汉越符合中国人的口头表达习惯越好,因为这样才能“地道”。汉译英先从简(为了顺利转换和交际的目的),再寻求精美(英语中的地道)!
二、灵活要素
翻译过程中,我们在许多地方受阻,主要是蒙头硬冲的结果.文字表达是“柔性的”,最能“克刚”,因此,硬冲肯定不是办法。我们必须凭借“迂回表达法”。像上面的“哑巴”,如果我们不知道dumb这个单词,这并不应该妨碍我们交际过程中的表达,毕竟我们会说,a person who can't speak。同样,如果我们要讲“我得好好收拾收拾他”,但不知道“收拾”怎么表达才地道,最起码我们学过“teach sb a lesson”,我们还可以说“givehim some color”,或干脆再迂回一下这样来表达1 will be very angry with him,and then he'llremember me forever!当然,如果知道“I'll fix him up”就更好了。
课堂资料中,太多的东西需要采取一种迂回的表达才能渡过难关,这种意识的培养实际上就是在培养一种处世不惊、遇事不乱的“灵活性”。例如: 1.许多大科学家一生钟爱艺术,且懂艺术,从中汲取养料,培养浩然正气,或得到人生最大宽慰。相反,能热爱并且理解自然科学和工程技术的文学艺术家真可谓凤毛麟角。英文是Many great scientists love artall their lives.They understand it and absorb nutrients from it (benefit from it).Theyfoster an upright spirit out of it,and very often,find the greatest//ultimate pleasure//comfort from it. Quite the opposite,artists who both love and understand natural scienceand engineering technology are really rare(are the rarity of rarity)。 2.他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段,从最早的机械留声机到今天五花八门的电子媒体。英文是They have created amazing//fascinating means of music transmission,ranging from theearliest gramophones to the miscellaneous//different kinds of electronic media of nowadays. 3.对于有文化的女性来说,她们不是把家庭当成依赖。她们找的是知音,是精神上可以信任和理解的人。英文是。To those educated women,families are not what they depend on,What they seek for isa bosom friend,a person who is spititually trustworthy and one she can really understand.
无论是老师还是学生都应该去广泛收集一些特别地道的英汉语句,用以强化训练自己的变通能力,这一点非常有意义。
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