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[托福真题] 【新托福真题】2012年11月18日托福考试真题分享

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发表于 2015-7-31 14:46:12 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
2012年11月18日托福考试真题分享——听力部分

  1、 对话学生去找老师,讨论自己的computer project,用到的一个教育方法可以让学生用学到的东西去创造音乐。
  2、他爹妈都是音乐老师,这里有考题(选他妈教过他这个教育方法)
  3、然后他说他也同时在修computer program课,所以他想同时用这个project完成两个课的任务(这里考他跟老师说这个是因为他担心什么,我选的是他怕老师觉得他懒)
  4、然后他还想把这个program做成商品去卖赚点钱去还loan,这里考他为什么要告诉老师这个,我选的是他想让老师放心他会把这个东西做得很好。
  词汇:
  invent [inˈvent] vt.创造
  task [tɑ:sk] / mission [ˈmiˈˈn] /assignment[ˈˈsainmˈnt] n.任务
  commodity [kˈˈmɑdˈti] / merchandise['mˈˈtˈ(ˈ)ndaˈs; -z]n.商品
  loan[lon]  n. 贷款;借款

  3、 (Conversation)一个演Juliet他妈的女生~戏服拿错了云云~因为名字就差一个字母(此处有题,双选哟!拿错+名字像)。然后还提到了chorus,是因为她要去听她舍友的表演所以没办法在那个时间约见管理人员~
  4、 (Lecture物理学)有画~fluid的什么gas和liquid~讲到一幅画和一个照片~然后什么vortex street~后面提到karman不是第一个发现的人,Davinci早就用过这个了~
  要点:
  1, 物理课老师讲fluid(有题,说fluid包括gas和liquid)流动,顺便讲了两幅画。
  2,第一个是颜料流动,第二个是卫星拍摄的山脉照片,云层在山峰上形成旋涡。叫karman vortex street(这里考什么时候会形成这个破街,我选的是when something stops it),但是karman不是第一个发现这个的人,很早以前达芬奇就有一副画桥的话里面有这个。

  单词:
  fluid  [ˈflu:id] n.流体,液体 a.流体的,流动的
  paint  [peint]  n.油漆,涂料
  peak  [pi:k]  n.山(顶)峰 vi.达到高峰 a.最大值的
  vortex  [ˈvˈ:teks]  n.漩涡,旋风
  背景:
  In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset ([ˈsˈbset]n.子集)of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas([ˈplˈzmˈ] n.  离子区) and, to some extent, plastic solids.
  The term Kármán vortex street (or a von Kármán vortex street) is used in fluid dynamics(流体力学) to describe a repeating pattern of swirling ([swˈ:l]v.旋转) vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid over bluff ( [blˈf]n.  断崖, 绝壁)bodies. It is named after the engineer and fluid dynamicist( [daˈˋnˈmˈsˈst]n.力学家), Theodore von Kármán and is responsible for such phenomena as the "singing" of suspended telephone or power lines, and the vibration ( [vaiˈbreiˈˈn]n.颤动;振动;摇动)of a car antenna ( [ˈnˈtenˈ]n.天线)at certain speeds.

  5、 (Lecture Acting)讲戏剧和电影的差别~教授提到自己做演员的经历,曾经不理解一个agent给自己的评价,但是后来发现这个评价是最高的评价(有题目哟!讲 attitude的变化~我选的从insulted到...忘了词,不好意思。也有人选confused to respected,感觉我错了~),然后讲了一下舞台表演和电影摄影的一些差别,后者可以剪辑,前者一次过。
  要点:
  1、老师讲戏剧和电影的差别。先是说他自己年轻就是个演员,曾经演了一部戏被一个agent(考这个agent是一个什么样的人,选项有 doesn't know the actor's monologue, like to work with new actors or poor judge of acting ability 我记得特别清楚因为挣扎了特别久。。。久到我现在也忘了自己最后选的什么。。。) 说you are acting being yourself,老师以前觉得很气馁,
  2、但是后来觉得这是对他表演的最高评价,因为他悟出了"最好的表演是要自然到忘记自己是在表演这个真谛"。。。(考老师对那个agent态度的转变,我选的是confused to respected,不知对否)
  3、 然后说舞台上的表演与电影里在camera前表演区别很大,电影编辑可以把演员表现最好的部分剪辑起来,可是舞台剧都是一次通过
  词汇:
  dramaplay[ˈdrɑ:mˈ] [plei]n.戏剧
  movie [ˈmu:vi] /film[film]/ motion picture[ˈmoˈˈnˈpˈktˈˈ]n.电影
  performer [pˈˈfˈ:mˈ]/ actor or actress [ˈˈktˈ] [ˈ:, ˈ]  [ˈˈktris]n.演员
  agent ['eidˈˈnt] n. 代理人,特工
  monologue ['mˈnˈlˈɡ] n. [戏]独白
  evaluate [iˈvˈljueit]/ assess[ˈˈses] vt.评估
  appraise[ˈˈpreiz]vt.评价
  edit [ˈedit]vt.编辑

  6、 (Lecture历史学)iron tools~有地图哟~~听到这儿的时候因为感冒有点儿耳鸣~~~ORZ,又跪了。反正就是讲土耳其人最先使用一个tools,然后因为撒哈拉沙漠的阻拦,非洲人民一直没有用过,直到一次trade才传过去~(LZ按了OK之后顿悟这题选错,可是为时已晚~摔!)。然后后面说什么发现metal,证明非洲使用这个要比我们想象得早。
  要点:
  1、iron tools的发展。
  2、是土耳其人最先使用的,但是因为中间隔了撒哈拉沙漠和埃及,所以下面的非洲人民之是没有这个技术的,直到有一次long distance trade才传过去还是怎样。
  3、然后最近考古学家在非洲发现了金属,并根据与之一同出土的木头判断这个年代似乎比土耳其早很多(有题,选考古学家发现非洲使用金属工具的时间似乎比以前我们猜测的要早)
  词汇:
  Turkey [ˈtˈ:ki]n.土耳其
  Egypt [ˈi:dˈipt]n.埃及
  Africa[ˈˈfrikˈ]n.非洲
  metal[ˈmetl]n.金属
  Wood log timber [wud] [lˈg] [ˈtimbˈ]n.木头
  be unearthed[bi:,bi] [ˈn'ˈθid] /be excavated [bi:,bi][ˈekskˈˈveˈtid]v.出土
  archaeologist[ˈɑ:kiˈˈlˈdˈist]n.考古学家
  Sahara desert[sˈˈhˈrˈˈdˈzˈt]n. 撒哈拉沙漠

  7、 (Lecture环境科学)讲的是estuary~什么energy之类的,后来提到英国要修建一个类似的坝,不过太贵啦!
  要点:
  1、讲修大坝对生态环境的影响。
  2、可以过滤流沙,让水清澈,阳光可照射到更深的水下从而有更多生物可以生存。
  3、还讲到英国有个坝是世界之最,花掉的钱都可以盖好多楼了(这里有题)
  词汇:
  dam  [dˈm] n.坝,堤filter  [ˈfiltˈ] n.过滤用料(咀) vt.过滤
  purify  [ˈpjuˈrifai] vt.使纯净,提纯;使纯洁
  quicksand  [ˈkwˈksˈnd] n.  流沙

  加试
  (版本一)Id 神经元细胞和英国诗人
  (版本二)大王花那一套

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-7-31 14:48:36 | 显示全部楼层
2012年11月18日托福考试真题分享——口语部分


  Task 1
  Talk about an organization or a club that you would like to join. Explain why you would like to join this organization? Please include reasons and details in your response. Begin your response after the beep.
  A school organization I would like to join is the orchestra. I have played violin for my high school orchestra for almost four years, and I would like to continue playing for the orchestra in college. I like playing in the orchestra, because I truly enjoy music. I especially like how powerful the music sounds when it is played by more than thirty instruments at once. I also love to perform in front of people. There is something so moving about live music. Most importantly, I would like to join the orchestra at my university, because it is a great way to meet friends. Some of my best friends from high school also play with me in the orchestra. I think the easiest way to meet people who share the same interests with me will be to join the orchestra. (Anna)

  Task 2
  Some students prefer to study only once for a long period during the week. Others students prefer to study for a short period several times during a week. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Begin your response after the beep.
  When I study, I prefer to study in short increments many times a week. I find that this method is a more efficient use of my time. I used to study in one long sitting the day before the exam, but I always did poorly on my exams. If I just sit and study for several hours at a time, I have trouble concentrating and easily get distracted. So for every hour of studying, I would probably waste half an hour with distraction. I also find that if I study a little bit every day, I remember things more easily. Instead of cramming a bunch of information into my head in one sitting, I can slowly review the material. In addition, I find studying in short periods several times a week better fits into my schedule. (Anna)

  Task 3
  【个人倡议】:一个学生给学校写信给校报建议学校应add a three-day fall break just before midterm in each fall semester。这样做有两个好处:1、students can relax themselves during the break。2、they can get some time off to prepare for the their projects。
  【学生态度】:男生同意此建议。理由1、this suggestion is especially good for the first year students who needs some time to get adjusted to their college life. Both the way to live and the study pace are different from that of a high school。Students, especially for 1st year student. 可利用这三天假期to relax。理由2、期中midterm很忙,一个星期考几门exams,有时候they will also have so many projects or research papers to complete。学生们可use the time to do assignment and research来finish their projects and papers。The male student gives an example of his history class。
  解析:阅读材料学生建议学校应该add a three-day fall break just before midterm in each fall semester。因为1、students can relax themselves during the break。2、they can get some time off to prepare for the their projects。听力中,男生同意此建议。按照听力笔记复述即可。注意将听力材料与阅读材料中的两点理由相呼应。(听力的两点理由,几乎是对阅读材料的细化改写,只需要把意思表达清楚,细节点到为止,即可)。

  Task 4
  【名词解释】:friend affiliation(群体归属):refers to the people's desire to be a member of a certain group。想让顾客买产品,必须要有affiliation。广告商make advisement by using people's affiliation有两种方法:一是利用其positive effect,通过宣扬广告产品可以增加affiliation,在朋友之间寻求認同。二是利用其negative方法,如果用别的brand产品就会失去affiliation。
  【教授举例】:为一个软饮料公司策划一个ad campaign,可有两种方案:第一种方案:在一个happy party里,everybody都drink the same kind of新brand的soda,都很happy。The soda becomes a very important thing in this situation。第二种方案:some young people are watching a football game in a stadium,突然 one of them drink a wrong brand of soda,then all the people become quite音乐和party也就此stop了and 用奇怪的眼神look at him,and leave him alone,even his best friend left him。Then he realized he made a big mistake to drink the wrong kind soda,然后这人就换了个口味。这是从negative入手让观众喜欢这个牌子的soda。问教授是怎么说明reading passage中的观点的。 [2007.1.14/2008.7.12]
  解析:阅读中的关键术语是群体归属(friend affiliation),记录下对此术语的解释:refers to the people's desire to be a member of a certain group。教授以一个软饮料公司的ad campaign作为讲座例子,列出两种广告方案,一个是happy party, 一个是watching football game in a stadium,根据听力笔记按照事件发展的逻辑顺序将两个方案分别阐述清晰。注意这两个方案与阅读中的两点利用方法相对应,以体现对阅读材料的理解。

  Task 5
  【学生困难】:一个女生和her friend要搬出校园,要share租a new apartment ,本来昨天已经看好了an apartment,价钱合适,也很大just OK,准备今天下午去sign the contract for the apartment。但她今天自己又看到一个nicer的,larger and closer to school,就是价钱有点贵,她想租这个。想要的话,今天必须签合同否则就没了。但她室友went to hiking了,要一周后才回来the next week。has no access to emails and mobile。So, she can't be able to contact her friend to make a decision together. 女生不知怎办。
  【解决方案】: 女生给两个解决方案:方案1、sign the new contract for the new apartment which is more expensive, closer to campus, nicer and due today without her friend's opinion。这个女生可以接受价格,但She doesn't know her friend's financial situation,担心她室友负担不起。方案2、stay with the previous apartment they have agreement on which has right price and a OK place,毕竟这个是两人一起同意的。但这个女生不喜欢。
  解析:答题思路:The woman is confronted with a problem which is,在跟她室友看上一套房子之后又看上另外一套更近更贵的房子,但是这时候一方面时间很紧迫,必须马上决定,另一方面她室友went hiking,无法同她商量。两个解决方法,一个是签更近的,一个是签原先的。可以选择这个更近的,因为这样离校很近,两个人上学都很方便,而至于房租稍贵的问题可以通过跟室友一起打工把钱赚回来。非常典型的第五题,用经典策略就可以搞定。

  Task 6
  【讲课要点】:早期人类two benefits of domesticating animals:好处1、驯养了动物以后,人们随时可以吃meat,省着打猎有时候打不到,没得吃。举例:goats were easy to control and they would move with people, then people could have consistent and reliable food resources。好处2、人们可以得到很多product。举例:Goats could produce milk。People could not only drink milk,but also use milk to make yogurt and cheese, which were easy to restore。
  解析:答题思路:教授阐明早期人类驯化动物的两点好处。一个是有更多的meat,一个是有更多的product。根据听力笔记分别阐述两点好处即可。构架如下:The professor talks about two benefits of domesticating animals, one is people could eat more meat, and the other is that people could get more products. For the first one, …. For example,…. For the products, …. For example,….
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 楼主| 发表于 2015-7-31 14:57:52 | 显示全部楼层
2012年11月18日托福考试真题分享——阅读部分

  Topic1: personal trait
  一篇是心理学说PERSONAL TRAIT的。说人们觉得性格决定人的行为吧。然后一个科学家叫Walter Mischel,他做了一些研究,发现性格和人的行为之间的关系没有人们以前认为的那么大,人们在特定的环境下表现出来的行为不一样。通过儿童实验,Mischel认为人的行为其实更主要的是由当时的SITUATION决定的,性格的作用很小。Mischel的研究成果挑战了心理学家的研究和心理学在现实生活中的应用(这个是句子改写,要注意一个是挑战了研究,一个是挑战了现实中的应用,看清了可能会少选。)然后其他科学家就批评Mischel的研究成果,这里有个括号,括号说,但是Mischel也赢得了行为学家的掌声,问为什么提这帮人,我答给出支持Mischel理论人的例子。批评一指出Mischel的研究局限在LAB中,和EVERYDAY LIFE有距离(有题)。还有一个批评,暂时想不起来。
  但同时,大家也会认可Mischel的研究。说他至少提出了SITUATION的重要性,可以让人具体情况具体分析吧。
  后来大家认为,其实心理学家着重是要分析人们总体的表现,即性格决定这个人在处理事情上的一个总的态度,AGGREGATE BEHAVIOR。而根据不同的SITUATION,又有不同的INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR。所以心理学家的研究没有问题,还是有用的。
  Trait Theory
  Personality consists of broad dispositions, called traits, that tend to lead to characteristic responses. People can be described in terms of the basic ways they behave, such as whether they are outgoing and friendly, or whether they are dominant and assertive.
  Basic Five Factors:
  oEmotional stability - Being calm rather than anxious, secures rather then insecure, self-satisfied than self-pitying.
  oExtraversion - Sociable instead of retiring, fun-loving instead of sober, and affectionate instead of reserved.
  oOpenness - Imaginative rather than practical, preferring variety to routine, and being independent rather than conforming.
  oAgreeableness - Being softhearted, not ruthless, trusting, not suspicious, and helpful not uncooperative.
  oConscientiousness - Being organized rather than disorganized, careful rather then careless, and disciplined, not impulsive.

  Topic2: 昆虫的优势
  还有一篇讲昆虫的。说昆虫类是目前所有动物中适应环境最厉害的。昆虫比别的动物的数量要多五倍,在地球的每个角落,且随着天气变热,它们的数量更多了。(这句是句子改写,AS WELL AS数量是五倍,INSECTS在地球的每个角落,MULTIPING AS ..GET WAMER。我选的C,记得主句是说它们在地球上到处都是,不是数量也不是在热的地方聚集更多)。然后研究它们到底厉害在哪里。先说是因为有翅膀,能飞。但是鸟和蝙蝠也能飞,所以这不是根本的原因。说有三个独一无二的原因,然后分段描述。
  一是昆虫特别小。这样它们要的食物就少,需要的空间也少。一个露水就够解决喝水问题这样。这一段貌似没有题目。
  二是昆虫变态。。举了毛毛虫的例子,有句话的意思是说因为它们小还是因为可以分不同阶段,所以在一个特定的环境中可以供养更多的小虫(忘了是小的点还是变态的点了,原谅我- -)。说昆虫有四个阶段吧,EGG,LAVA,Pupa(蛹),ADULT。然后问pupa,答案是不需要吃东西,确定。
  三是昆虫的身体结构。说外壳可以支撑肌肉的作用,可以防水。这里有一个比喻,说它们的甲壳素可以像人类的什么碳化材料什么的一样,问为什么提这个,答案是说明昆虫的外壳在结构上比较复杂,有个选项说要说明它们的壳是碳化的材料什么的,是错的。问哪个不是外壳的特点,特点有三个,支撑肌肉,防水,还有个不记得,错的那个是IMPROVE THE efficiency Of ABSORB WATER。说昆虫会生成WAX一样的东西在皮肤表面。因为相对于它们的体积,它们的表面积很大,如果流失一点水,就很致命。有问为什么体内的水很重要,答案就是上面那句话,体积和表面积的比例。
  解析:
  昆虫的数量:
  In numbers of species and individuals and in adaptability and wide distribution, insects are perhaps the most eminently successful group of all animals. They dominate the present-day land fauna with about 1,000,000 described species. This represents about three-fourths of all described animal species.
  一是昆虫特别小。这样它们要的食物就少,需要的空间也少。一个露水就够解决喝水问题这样。这一段貌似没有题目。
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 楼主| 发表于 2015-7-31 15:38:17 | 显示全部楼层
2012年11月18日托福考试真题分享——写作部分

  综合写作:
  1.关于MIMA mound的成因.
  文章:
  1.Native American造的,依据是有记录显示他们造过类似的东西
  2.地震,依据是有mound的地方土很松(地震产生的震动把loose soil震到地面了)
  3.一种老鼠(pocket gopher)挖的,用来build nest
  听力反驳
  1. 那些地方没有任何人类留下的遗迹,虽然那里的人为了祭祀还是什么之类的目的造了些别的东西但并不一定也造了这个
  2. 存在mound的地方并不怎么有地震
  3. 最后地鼠住这儿可能是它们发现这里适合居住就搬来了,并不一定就是它们自己造的


  独立写作:
  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The main role of a university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.
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