关于国际妇女节你需要了解这些事

兔斯基

今天是3月8日国际妇女节，俗称三八节，是为呼吁性别平等和庆祝女性在政治社会等领域取得的成就而设立的全球性节日。大部分人其实并不清楚妇女节的由来？包括今年的节日主题是什么、男性有没有自己的节日等问题，都不清楚？今天一起来看看这些问题的答案吧。

国际妇女节的由来

It’s difficult to say exactly when IWD (International Women's Day) began. Its roots can be traced to 1908, when 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding voting rights, better pay and shorter working hours.
很难确切说出国际妇女节是从何时开始的，它的起源可以追溯到1908年，当时15000名妇女在纽约市游行，要求投票权、加薪和缩短工时。

A year later, the first National Woman’s Day was observed in the US on February 28, in accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America.
一年后，按照美国社会党的宣言，美国人在2月28日庆祝了第一个全国妇女节。

In 1910, a woman called Clara Zetkin – leader of the ‘women’s office’ for the Social Democratic Party in Germany – tabled the idea of an International Women’s Day. She suggested that every country should celebrate women on one day every year to push for their demands.
1910年，德国社会民主党“女性办公室”负责人克拉拉•蔡特金提出了国际妇女节的设想。她建议全世界都应该在每年的某一天庆祝妇女节，为女性争取权益。

A conference of more than 100 women from 17 countries agreed to her suggestion and IWD was formed. In 1911, it was celebrated for the first time in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland on March 19.
来自17个国家的100多名女性开会支持她的建议，并设立了国际妇女节。1911年，奥地利、丹麦、德国和瑞士在3月19日首次庆祝这一节日。

In 1913, it was decided to transfer IWD to March 8, and it has been celebrated on that day ever since. The day was only recognized by the United Nations in 1975, but ever since it has created a theme each year for the celebration.
1913年，人们决定将国际妇女节改到3月8日，自此每年都在这一天庆祝妇女节。1975年，国际妇女节获得联合国的承认，此后每年的妇女节庆祝活动都有一个主题。

我们为什么还在庆祝妇女节？

The original aim – to achieve full gender equality for women around the world – has still not been realized. A gender pay gap persists across the globe and women are still not present in equal numbers in business or politics. Figures show that globally, women’s education, health and violence towards women is still worse than that of men.
国际妇女节设立之初是为了在全世界实现性别平等，这个目标至今仍未实现。世界各地仍然存在男女薪酬差异，女性在商界政界的占比仍不平等。数据显示，在全球范围内，女性在教育、健康和遭受暴力侵害问题上的处境仍均比男性更糟糕。

According to the World Economic Forum, the gender gap won't close until 2186. On IWD, women across the world come together to force the world to recognize these inequalities – while also celebrating the achievements of women who have overcome these barriers.
据世界经济论坛称，性别差异要到2186年才能消失。在国际妇女节这一天，全球女性齐心协力让世界正视这些不平等问题，同时为克服了这些阻碍的女性所取得的成就而庆祝。

In 2017, women effectively worked "for free" for 51 days of the year because of the gender pay gap.
2017年，由于男女薪酬差异，女性实际上在这一年“免费”工作了51天。

In 2017, women's rights dominated the news, with a global reckoning on sexual misconduct rippling through industries.
2017年，随着全世界打击不正当性行为的行动波及各行各业，女性权益话题成了最重要的新闻。

Following the outpouring of allegations against Harvey Weinstein and other prominent men in power, the #MeToo movement gave a voice to women on the abuse and harassment they suffer in film, fashion, music, politics and art.
在针对哈维•韦恩斯坦以及其他掌握权势的男性名人的性侵指控爆发后，#MeToo运动让女性能够说出她们在电影、时尚、音乐、政治和艺术界所遭受的性侵犯和性骚扰。

TIME magazine then named the women speaking out against sexual and gender injustice their Person of the Year in December, naming the collective winner 'The Silence Breakers'.
随后《时代》杂志在去年12月将这些公开反对性别不平等的女性评为“年度人物”，将这一群体称为“打破沉默者”。

The vocal, headline-grabbing fight for women's rights has only increased in 2018, with female actresses donating money and wearing black at awards ceremonies in support of #TimesUp and BBC journalist Carrie Gracie publicly resigning as China editor over unequal pay.
2018年，这场畅所欲言、引人注目的女权运动进一步扩大，女演员们捐款、在颁奖礼上穿黑色服装支持#TimesUp运动，BBC记者凯莉•格雷西因遭受不平等待遇公开辞去中国区主编一职。

With gender parity still an apparent 168 years away, many are hoping the trajectory surrounding women's rights climbs as the year continues.
距离实现性别平等似乎还有168年之遥，许多人都希望今年女权运动的声势能够不断壮大。

今年的妇女节主题是什么？

The theme for IWD 2018 is #PressforProgress, a nod to the growing global movement of advocacy, activism and support surrounding gender parity and sexism. Inspired by the #MeToo and #TimesUp movements, the aim of the theme is to encourage people to continue the fight for equality.
2018年国际妇女节的主题是#逼迫进步，这是对围绕性别平等和性别歧视出现的越来越多的全球倡导运动、行动主义运动和支持的呼应。在#MeToo和#TimesUp运动的鼓舞下，这一主题旨在鼓励人们继续为性别平等发声。

有国际男人节吗？

Yes, it takes place on November 19 each year and International Men's Day is celebrated in 60 countries around the world.
是的，每年11月19日是国际男人节，全世界有60个国家庆祝这个节日。

The objectives of the day include a focus on men's and boy's health, improving gender relations, promoting gender equality, and highlighting positive male role models.
国际男人节旨在关注男性及男孩的健康问题，改善两性关系，促进性别平等，并突出正能量的男性榜样。

It is an occasion for men to celebrate their achievements and contributions, in particular their contributions to community, family, marriage, and child care while highlighting the discrimination against them.
男性在这一天庆祝他们所取得的成就和贡献，特别是对社会、家庭、婚姻以及抚养子女方面等做出的贡献，并关注他们遭受的性别歧视。