实例讲解托福阅读复合从句。在备考托福阅读的时候,有很多同学发现好多句子读不懂,尤其是里面出现了多个从句的复合句。从句开始的位置往往比较明晰,都是引导词,包括that\ which\ what\ most of whom之类等等。但是从句结束的位置往往不太清楚,很多时候没有标点符号或者明显的标志隔开。有时候从句已经结束,但是考生看不出来,就把主从句内容混为一谈,难以读懂。
举一个例子:The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.
比如上面这个句子,从句内部are符合谓语动词,thought,inhabit不属于,再往后看,当出现does not这个谓语的时候,显然从句已经有了两个谓语,这是病句,必须断句。于是我们把从句用括号括起来如下:
The fact (that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests) does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.
以后例子里被研究的从句都会被打上括号。
我们再举一个例子
It was in the cities that the elements (that can be associated with modern capitalism) first appeared.
首先这是一个强调句,里面有一个定语从句,定语从句在第二个谓语义群前结束。这里之所以用义群,义群包含了谓语动词及其修饰成分。比如这里的first就是修饰appear的。
我们再看一个例子
It became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition (for which there had been no previous effective treatment) might be responsive to vitamin therapy.
这里for which标志从句开始,第二个谓语义群might be前从句结束。
下面一个例子:
(What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists) is the realization (that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determines what is done).
下面再看一个例子:
As a result,claims (that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health) have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.
这个句子,首先claim是一个动词而不是名词,否则句子就没有主语了。That引导一个同位语从句。这个从句里面的动词很多,什么时候结束这个从句呢?我们来看这个从句,eating动名词做主语,后面的consisting grown都不符合谓语动词条件,prevents第一个谓语动词,cures仿佛是第二个谓语动词,这里是不是从句结束呢?不是,因为中间有一个or连接,在语法上不构成病句。句子里是允许有多个谓语动词并列的。往后provides还是和它们并列。后面出现have become的时候才是从句结束位置。